Shalat malam (qiyamul lail) biasa disebut juga dengan shalat tahajud. Mayoritas pakar fiqih mengatakan bahwa shalat tahajud adalah shalat sunnah yang dilakukan di malam hari secara umum setelah bangun tidur.
-Shalat tahajud adalah sifat orang bertakwa dan calon penghuni surga.
Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala berfirman,
“Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang bertaqwa itu berada dalam taman-taman (syurga) dan mata air-mata air, sambil menerima segala pemberian Rabb mereka. Sesungguhnya mereka sebelum itu di dunia adalah orang-orang yang berbuat kebaikan. Di dunia mereka sedikit sekali tidur di waktu malam. Dan selalu memohonkan ampunan diwaktu pagi sebelum fajar.” (Adz Dzariyat: 15-18).
Al Hasan Al Bashri mengatakan mengenai ayat ini, “Mereka bersengaja melaksanakan qiyamul lail (shalat tahajud). Di malam hari, mereka hanya tidur sedikit saja. Mereka menghidupkan malam hingga sahur (menjelang shubuh). Dan mereka pun banyak beristighfar di waktu sahur.” [2]
"Lambung mereka jauh dari tempat tidurnya, sedang mereka berdo’a kepada Rabb-nya dengan rasa takut dan harap, dan mereka menafkahkan sebagian dari rizki yang Kami berikan kepada mereka. Seorang pun tidak mengetahui apa yang disembunyikan untuk mereka yaitu (bermacam-macam nikmat) yang menyedapkan pandangan mata, sebagai balasan terhadap apa yang telah mereka kerjakan." (As-Sajdah: 16-17)
"Dan pada sebahagian malam hari bersembahyang tahajudlah kamu sebagai suatu ibadah tambahan bagimu; mudah-mudahan Tuhan-mu mengangkat kamu ke tempat yang terpuji." (Al-Israa':79)
-Shalat tahajud adalah sebaik-baik shalat sunnah.
Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda,
“Sebaik-baik puasa setelah puasa Ramadhan adalah puasa pada bulan Allah –Muharram-. Sebaik-baik shalat setelah shalat wajib adalah shalat malam.” [5]
An Nawawi -rahimahullah- mengatakan, “Ini adalah dalil dari kesepakatan ulama bahwa shalat sunnah di malam hari lebih baik dari shalat sunnah di siang hari. Ini juga adalah dalil bagi ulama Syafi’iyah (yang satu madzhab dengan kami) di antaranya Abu Ishaq Al Maruzi dan yang sepaham dengannya, bahwa shalat malam lebih baik dari shalat sunnah rawatib. Sebagian ulama Syafi’iyah yang lain berpendapat bahwa shalat sunnah rawatib lebih afdhol (lebih utama) dari shalat malam karena kemiripannya dengan shalat wajib. Namun pendapat pertama tetap lebih kuat dan sesuai dengan hadits. Wallahu a’lam. [6]
Ibnu Rajab Al Hambali mengatakan, “Waktu tahajud di malam hari adalah sebaik-baik waktu pelaksanaan shalat sunnah. Ketika itu hamba semakin dekat dengan Rabbnya. Waktu tersebut adalah saat dibukakannya pintu langit dan terijabahinya (terkabulnya) do'a. Saat itu adalah waktu untuk mengemukakan berbagai macam hajat kepada Allah.” [7]
'Amr bin Al 'Ash mengatakan, “Satu raka'at shalat sunnah di malam hari lebih baik dari 10 raka'at shalat sunnah di siang hari.” Dikeluarkan oleh Ibnu Abi Dunya. [8]
Ibnu Rajab mengatakan, “Di sini 'Amr bin Al 'Ash membedakan antara shalat malam dan shalat di siang hari. Shalat malam lebih mudah dilakukan sembunyi-sembunyi dan lebih mudah mengantarkan pada keikhlasan.”[9] Inilah sebabnya para ulama lebih menyukai shalat malam karena amalannya yang jarang diketahui orang lain.
-Shalat tahajud adalah kebiasaan orang sholih.
Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda,
“Hendaklah kalian melaksanakan qiyamul lail (shalat malam) karena shalat amalan adalah kebiasaan orang sholih sebelum kalian dan membuat kalian lebih dekat pada Allah. Shalat malam dapat menghapuskan kesalahan dan dosa. ”[10]
-Sebaik-baik orang adalah yang melaksanakan shalat tahajud.
Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam pernah mengatakan mengenai 'Abdullah bin 'Umar,
“Sebaik-baik orang adalah 'Abdullah (maksudnya Ibnu 'Umar) seandainya ia mau melaksanakan shalat malam.” Salim mengatakan, “Setelah dikatakan seperti ini, Abdullah bin 'Umar tidak pernah lagi tidur di waktu malam kecuali sedikit.”[11]
-Waktu Utama untuk Shalat Tahajud
Waktu utama untuk shalat malam adalah di akhir malam. Dari Abu Hurairah, Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda,
“Rabb kami -Tabaroka wa Ta'ala- akan turun setiap malamnya ke langit dunia ketika tersisa sepertiga malam terakhir. Lalu Allah berfirman, “Siapa yang memanjatkan do'a pada-Ku, maka Aku akan mengabulkannya. Siapa yang memohon kepada-Ku, maka Aku akan memberinya. Siapa yang meminta ampun pada-Ku, Aku akan memberikan ampunan untuknya”.”[14]
Dari 'Abdullah bin 'Amr, Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam bersabda,
“Sesungguhnya sebaik-baik puasa di sisi Allah adalah puasa Daud[15] dan sebaik-baik shalat di sisi Allah adalah shalatnya Nabi Daud 'alaihis salam. Beliau biasa tidur di separuh malam dan bangun tidur pada sepertiga malam terakhir. Lalu beliau tidur kembali pada seperenam malam terakhir. Nabi Daud biasa sehari berpuasa dan keesokan harinya tidak berpuasa.”[16]
'Aisyah pernah ditanyakan mengenai shalat malam yang dilakukan oleh Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. 'Aisyah menjawab,
“Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam biasa tidur di awal malam, lalu beliau bangun di akhir malam. Kemudian beliau melaksanakan shalat, lalu beliau kembali lagi ke tempat tidurnya. Jika terdengar suara muadzin, barulah beliau bangun kembali. Jika memiliki hajat, beliau mandi. Dan jika tidak, beliau berwudhu lalu segera keluar (ke masjid).” [17]
Untuk tata cara dan selebihnya bisa dibaca disini:
http://www.rumaysho.com/hukum-islam/shalat/2858-panduan-shalat-tahajud.html
Atau disini:
http://www.facebook.com/notes/menuju-hari-lebih-bermakna/panduan-shalat-tahajud/210400108987674
Semoga Allah memudahkan kita untuk mengamalkan sekaligus merutinkannya.
___________________
Footnote:
[2] Lihat Tafsir Al Qur'an Al 'Azhim, Ibnu Katsir, 13/212, Maktabah Al Qurthubah.
[5] HR. Muslim no. 1163, dari Abu Hurairah.
[6] Al Minhaj Syarh Shahih Muslim bin Al Hajjaj, 8/55, Dar Ihya' At Turots Al 'Arobi, Beirut, 1392
[7] Lathoif Al Ma'arif, Ibnu Rajab Al Hambali, hal. 77, Al Maktab Al Islami, cetakan pertama, tahun 1428 H.
[8] Lathoif Al Ma'arif, hal. 76.
[9] Idem.
[10] Lihat Al Irwa' no. 452. Syaikh Al Albani mengatakan bahwa hadits ini hasan.
[11] HR. Bukhari no. 3739, dari Hafshoh.
[14] HR. Bukhari no. 1145 dan Muslim no. 758, dari Abu Hurairah.
[15] Sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh penulis Shahih Fiqh Sunnah -Syaikh Abu Malik- bahwa puasa Daud ini boleh dilakukan dengan syarat tidak sampai melalaikan yang wajib-wajib dan tidak sampai melalaikan memberi nafkah kepada keluarga yang menjadi tanggungannya. Lihat Shahih Fiqh Sunnah, Syaikh Abu Malik, 2/138, Al Maktabah At Taufiqiyah.
[16] HR. Bukhari no. 1131 dan Muslim no. 1159, dari 'Abdullah bin 'Amr.
[17] HR. Bukhari no. 1146, dari 'Aisyah.
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